Online Trading

Successful SEO for your website

Many of you over here are for sure trying to get your hands on tips for successful SEO for your website, in layman terms getting top rankings on Search Engines.

The most important target for Search Engine Optimizers and webmasters has been Google.

This legendary search engine since its inception has grown to a mammoth size from a small company to a Multi National Giant with facilities world wide now.

It’s by far the most used search engine available today.

Though official statistics show that Yahoo and MSN do hold a big share of the search market, but that’s still has a long way to compete with Google.

Google has been always trying to get relevant content to it’s users, so the most important tips to get your site visible in Google is content and that too I repeat relevant content.

You often may come across pages over the Internet, with long promotional information and nothing but text, text and text filled in the websites who are trying to sell you a package for $49 only.

Long time ago, I use to bypass this information, and scroll straight to the bottom, wondering why this guy has put so up much text, does he think any sane person will be reading all this?

Many of you would have the obvious answer that they are trying to lure the search engines to put you on top, but for those who don’t, it’s correct, they are trying to fill in the text not always for you, but for the search engines to read it as well.

So, shall we do the same, well it depends on you choice.

You have to ask these questions to yourself.

What is your primary goal?

a) Get top listings on top of search engines, no matter what your visitors feel about your website?
b) Put search engine rankings as secondary and create a site fully loaded with graphics and content to get your visitors remain hooked.
c) To get the best of both worlds.

Many of you would think, that the guy is talking completely off beat, how can you get the best of both the worlds.

The answer is by adding more pages, serving as much information to your visitors and content hungry search engines as possible.

In this way you would be serving the online community by giving them as much relevant information as possible by getting blogs, articles, links, news, directory, related to your business field on your website.

You may create small and tiny links and sub-domains for these additional services at the bottom of your website pages and mention them in your Sitemap, for sure you would be submitting the sitemap in Google, and insure that it lies on a fairly visible corner of your homepage.

Next thing, would be to invite as many as visitors as possible to visit your homepage, as well as free pages to advertise their business, or share their views on your blogs, articles, and forums which you have created with much efforts.

This would definitely give your company an advertising leverage and a reputation for potential buyers who would consider you as a stable and large business.

Now, since your services are free, you would get more of these automatic links and offline referrals, which would again serve you well as advertisement for your business as well as inbound links coming to your website from various sources, without you actually doing any work on it.

Hey, did I mention that Link Building and relevant links pointing to your websites is one of the most important factor for getting top listings on Google and a superior page rank for your website?

So, keep working on it, and if you think that you like the idea and want to see a site with a working model, do visit http://www.webdesigningcompany.net/articles.php

I bet you would think twice before switching over to any other website for information on website design and promotion.

Wish you best of luck.

About the Author:

The author is Business Head for The Web Design Company, and is into web-design, development and Search Engine optimization.

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Modern Literary Theory

A literary movement that started in the late 1920s and 1930s and originated in reaction to traditional criticism that new critics saw as largely concerned with matters extraneous to the text with the biography or psychology of the author or thworks relationshop to literarry history

New criticism proposed tat a work of literary art should be regarded as autonomous and so beyond itself

A poem consists less of a series of referential and verifiable statements about the real world beyond it than of the presentations and sophisticated organizations of a set of complex experiences .

Definition of The New Criticism

The New Criticism is a type of formalist literary criticism that reached its height during 1940s and 1950s and that received its name form John Crawe Ransom ’s book The New Criticism.

New critics treat a work f literature as if it were a self contained , self referential object.

Rather than basing their interpretations of a text on the readers response the authors stated intentions or parallels between the text and historical contexts such as authors life.

New Critics perform a close reading concentrating on the relationships within the text that give it its own distinctive character or form. New critics emphasize that the structure of a work should not be divorced from meaning, viewing the two as constituting a quasi organic unity.

Special attention is paid to repetition, particularly of images or symbols but also of sound effects and rhytms in poetry.

New Critics especially appreciate the use of literary devices such as irony to achieve a balance or reconciliation between dissimilar even conflicting, elements in a text.

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Challenges and Responses

Though on-line trading has had positive effects on the securities
market in many respects, it raised some challenges to the KSE.
For instance, excessive day trading increased the price volatility,
and some devious large investors attempted to mislead investors
by placing fake orders. To solve the problems associated with
the placement of fake orders, the KSE discontinued the practice
of making available the aggregate bid and ask order quantities
during continuous trading hours. At the same time, the bid
and ask quotations made available to the public were increased
from the highest and lowest fives each to the highest and lowest
tens each.
Along with the extensive use of the Internet by investors, it has
been noticed that unconfirmed rumors or fictitious information
were floated on the cyber space. As a counter measure for it, the
KSE established a cyber watch system that monitors rumors or
news on the cyber space. Furthermore, in order to prevent
hacking through the Internet and improve the stability and
security of the computer systems, a variety of measures were
taken to maintain the integrity and security of the systems,
including digital signature.
Despite the growth in trading volume for the last several years,
the same can not be said about the profitability of most securities
firms. Considering the fact that major income sources of
securities firms are brokerage commissions, the declining
profitability might, to some extent, be attributable to the
excessive reduction of commissions for on-line trading. It is
expected that securities firms will pursue restructuring to reduce
their operating costs and enhance their competitiveness, and
will make efforts to provide specialized services.
In conclusion, on-line trading can flourish when certain
conditions are in place and interact with each other positively.
Among others, large Internet-using population, well-established
communication infrastructure, the provision of incentives for
on-line trading, deregulation and favorable market conditions
are necessary to encourage on-line trading. It should be kept in
mind that on-line trading has both positive and negative effects
on the securities market. It is necessary to address the negative
effects. Ignoring the risks involved, one might be drowned
while sailing the ocean.

Impact on Securities Market

The prevalence of on-line trading had significant impacts on
the trading patterns of investors, trading volume,
transaction costs, securities service
industry, and overall market operations.
The speed and lower transaction
costs of on-line t r a d i n g
encouraged investors to trade
frequently in pursuit of short
s w i n g profits, making
day trading prevalent on
the market. The day
t r a d i n g accounted
for 30 percent of
the total
trading
value of

the KSE market in early 2001. In the meantime, the prevalence
of on-line-trading resulted in some undesirable consequences.
For example, exploiting the quotation information made public,
some devious investors has repeatedly attempted to mislead
other investors by placing unreasonably large orders at prices
that would be unlikely to be executed.
It is believed that on-line trading has significantly contributed
to the growth in trading volume. The market value turnover
ratio broke through the 200 percent level for the first time in
1998 when the trading volume of on-line trading picked up,

and has stayed beyond that level since then. As mentioned
earlier, transaction costs have been significantly lowered after
on-line trading was introduced. Initially, a 0.5 percent of
brokerage commissions were applied to both on-line and
traditional transactions. Due to the price competition, brokerage
commissions for on-line trading continued to be lowered.
Currently, the brokerage commissions for on-line trading are
around 0.1 percent, whereas those for traditional transactions
are around 0.5 percent. Lowering of the capital requirements
for the establishment of broking-only securities firms prompted
appearance of several broking-only securities firms, which are
exclusively engaged in on-line trading businesses. The low fee
strategies of these securities firms further accelerated price
competition.
Lastly, after on-line trading was introduced, individual investors
could have an easy and speedy access to market information.

The number of securities market-related websites increased
rapidly, providing a variety of information, including quotation
information, corporate disclosure, financial information, research
papers and financial news, on a real-time basis. Thus, it can be
said that on-line trading contributed to the alleviation of the
information asymmetry among the market participants,
particularly between the individual and institutional investors.

Factors behind the Drastic Growth of On-line Trading

The drastic growth of on-line trading in Korea did not happen by
chance. Rather, it is a product of the joint efforts of the government,
market operators, securities companies, investors, etc.
Now, let me elaborate on the key factors that have fostered the
growth. First, the rapid growth of Internet-using population in
Korea: The government’s strong drive in development of the
national communications infrastructure has created the
foundation for on-line trading, i.e., the computer literate and
Internet using population. Since 1995, the Internet-using
population in Korea had more than doubled every year until it
reached 19 million in 2000. At the end of 2002, 26.3 million
Koreans or 59 percent of all Koreans were using Internet, and,
more importantly, 10.4 million people subscribed to broad
bandwidth Internet network.
Second, the creation of an environment: The government and
KSE deregulated the relevant laws and regulations. The
government amended the SEA to abolish the provision limiting
the place where securities companies could receive orders from
their customers in February 1999. The measure led to the
appearance of a number of “cyber branches”. The KSE fully
liberalized the brokerage commissions in September 1997,
allowing securities companies to determine their own rates
autonomously. The liberalization of brokerage commission
triggered a price competition among securities companies,
ending up with the reduction of fees for on-line trading. The

lower commission induced more investors to on-line trading, as
well as more frequent transactions. Additionally, the KSE
increased the bid and ask quotations made available to the
public, thereby assisting investors in making informed
investment decisions.
Third, automated trading system and enhanced computer
infrastructure: The KSE fully automated its trading system in
September 1997 and gradually expanded its daily order processing
capacity, taking into account the expected increase in trading
volume. In order to provide their customers with ready access to
information on price and corporate analysis, securities firms increased
their investments in system automation. Also, they made use of a
variety of tools for on-line trading, including PDA, ARS, and mobile
phone, and alliances with commercial banks.
Last but not least, the features and the environment of the Korean
securities market have been very much favorable for the growth
of on-line trading. The Korean individual investors generally
prefer short-term investment, resulting in high turnover ratio. In
terms of trading value, individual investors, who appeared to
easily adapt to on-line trading, take up over 70% on the KSE
market. It is also noticeable that after the 1997-98 financial crisis,
the securities market was on the bullish trend and subsequently
trading was very active, making on-line trading attractive among
those who sought lower cost trading opportunities. Active
marketing programs taken by securities firms, including the return
contests and temporary exemption of brokerage commissions,
also contributed to a boom of on-line trading.

Development of On-line Trading

On-line trading in Korea was introduced in 1997. With the revision of the
Securities and Exchange Act (SEA) in January 1997, order placement through
electronic communications channels was allowed. Previously, securities
companies had to receive orders from their customers in a form of document
or through telephone or fax. LG and Daewoo securities companies led the
introduction of the Internet-based on-line trading by launching in-house
Home Trading Systems (HTS) in April 1997.
Initially, on-line trading was not well received by investors, as the concept of
e-commerce was new to them. Once the investors recognized its advantages,
however, on-line trading flourished rapidly, especially among individual
investors. The portion of on-line trading on the Korean stock markets, including
the KSE and KOSDAQ, was merely 2.9 percent in 1998, but it jumped to
25.4 percent in 1999, 55.9 percent in 2000, and 66.6 percent in 2001. The
trading value of on-line trading continued to grow in 2002, but the market
share slightly decreased to 64.3 percent.
KOREA STOCK EXCHANGE
Yung- Joo Kang is the Chairman and CEO
of Korea Stock Exchange. A senior civil
servant, he held several distinguished
positions earlier, which include, Member,
Monetary Policy Committee of the Bank of
Korea;Auditor, the Bank of Korea;
Commissioner, National Tax Tribunal,
Ministry of Finance and Economy;
Financial Attache of Korean Embassy in
Paris and Brussels.
155
In terms of trading value, the usage of on-line trading in Korea
is the highest in the world. In Korea, on-line trading is mostly
used by individual investors. Equity derivatives are traded online:
The portions of on-line trading in index futures and options
markets are 45.5 percent and 55.8 percent, respectively. The
number of on-line accounts has increased steadily, reaching 5.3
million or 66.4% of total number of accounts at the end of
2002. The Internet is the tool that is most widely used in Korea
for on-line trading. Less than five percent of the online trading
is made by other means, such as PDA, ARS, and mobile phones.
Of 42 domestic and 17 foreign securities firms in Korea, 35
domestic securities firms are offering on-line trading services as
an extension of traditional businesses. No foreign firm in Korea
offers on-line trading service.

Growth of On-line Yung-Joo Kang Trading

The rapidly advancing technology, particularly the Internet, has drastically
changed the social and economic landscapes and every aspect of our daily
lives. In the securities industry, the Internet has facilitated on-line trading,
changing the way the market works, as well as the way the investors access the
market. Having taken advantage of information technology at an opportune
time, Korea has emerged as a front-running country of on-line trading in the
global securities markets. I am pleased to share Korean experiences in fostering
on-line trading.
“On-line trading” is broadly defined as a trading mechanism where investors
place orders and confirm trading results via electronic communication channels,
such as the Internet, mobile phones, and Personal Digital Assistants (PDA).
In Korea, the whole process of securities transactions, from order placement
and routing, order execution, to trade confirmation, is fully automated, thus
enabling the investors who have placed orders to confirm their trading results
within a few seconds.